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Reproduction is the biological process by which new individual organisms are produced. Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all known life; each individual organism exists as the result of reproduction. The known methods of reproduction are broadly grouped into two main types: sexual and asexual.

In asexual reproduction, an individual can reproduce without involvement with another individual of that species. The division of a bacterial cell into two daughter cells is an example of asexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction is not, however, limited to single-celled organisms. Most plants have the ability to reproduce asexually.

Sexual reproduction requires the involvement of two individuals, typically one of each sex. Normal human reproduction is a common example of sexual reproduction.

Production of new individuals along a leaf margin of the air plant, Kalanchoë pinnata. The small plant in front is about 1 cm tall. The concept of "individual" is obviously stretched by this asexual reproductive process.

Asexual reproduction

Breeding season

Mating system

References

1. ^ Halliday, Tim R.; Kraig Adler (eds.) (1986). Reptiles & Amphibians. Torstar Books, p. 101. . 
2. ^ Savage, Thomas F. (September 12, 2005). A Guide to the Recognition of Parthenogenesis in Incubated Turkey Eggs. Oregon State University. Retrieved on 2006-10-11.
3. ^ "Female Sharks Can Reproduce Alone, Researchers Find", Washington Post, Wednesday, May 23, 2007; Page A02
4. ^ Chemical synthesis of poliovirus cDNA: generation of infectious virus in the absence of natural template
   Scientists Create Artificial Virus
5. ^ Williams G C. 1975. Sex and Evolution. Princeton (NJ): Princeton University Press.

• S. P. Otto and D. B. Goldstein. "Recombination and the Evolution of Diploidy". Genetics. Vol 131 (1992): 745-751.
• Tobler, M. & Schlupp,I. (2005) Parasites in sexual and asexual mollies (Poecilia, Poeciliidae, Teleostei): a case for the Red Queen? Biol. Lett. 1 (2): 166-168.
• Zimmer, Carl. "Parasite Rex: Inside the Bizarre World of Nature's Most Dangerous Creatures", New York: Touchstone, 2001.
• "allogamy, cross-fertilization, cross-pollination, hybridization". GardenWeb Glossary of Botanical Terms (2.1). (2002). 
• "allogamy". Stedman's Online Medical Dictionary (27). (2004). 

External links

• Asexual Reproduction
• Human reproductive system webpage
• Journal of Biology of Reproduction
• Journal of Andrology

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